Knowledge Point 1: V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) Technology
V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) is a bidirectional charging technology that allows electric vehicles not only to draw power from the grid but also to feed stored battery energy back into the grid during peak demand periods, effectively functioning as "mobile energy storage." A related concept is V2H (Vehicle-to-Home), where the vehicle serves as a backup power source for the household, supplying electricity during outages or peak usage hours. V2G technology complies with the ISO 15118 standard. Its core value lies in the fact that, when a large number of EVs are connected to the grid, their aggregated battery capacity can serve as a flexible grid regulation resource, helping to absorb intermittent renewable energy from wind and solar, while vehicle owners can profit from peak-valley electricity price differentials.
Knowledge Point 2: The Charging Speed Gap Between EVs and Gasoline Vehicles
Despite continuous advancements in fast-charging technology, a massive gap remains between EV charging speed and gasoline refueling. Taking a standard fuel nozzle as an example, its flow rate is typically 30–50 liters per minute. Calculating with 8.9 kWh of energy per liter of gasoline and a flow rate of 40 L/min, the equivalent "power" of a fuel nozzle reaches approximately 31,225 kW - even after adjusting for a 45% engine thermal efficiency, it still amounts to roughly 14,051 kW. In contrast, the maximum charging power limit of China's GB/T standard charging pile is 800 kW (with high-power DC charging interfaces reaching up to 900 kW), representing a roughly 15-fold difference. Moreover, while fuel nozzle flow rates remain essentially constant, an EV's peak charging power can only be sustained for a few minutes before being throttled down due to the CC-CV charging strategy. The fundamental reason for this gap is that liquid fuels have a far higher energy density than batteries, and the refueling process is not constrained by charge/discharge C-rate limitations.
Knowledge Point 3: Plug-and-Charge (PnC) Technology
Plug-and-Charge (PnC) is a technology that streamlines the charging process, compliant with the ISO 15118 standard. In the traditional charging workflow, drivers must scan QR codes, swipe cards, or download apps for identity authentication and payment - a cumbersome process. PnC technology automates vehicle identity verification, charging authorization, and billing the moment the charging connector is plugged into the vehicle, requiring no additional action from the driver and enabling a true "plug in and charge, unplug and go" experience. This technology relies on encrypted communication between the charging pile and the vehicle. The charging pile automatically identifies the vehicle through its built-in digital certificate and completes authentication and billing with the backend system. PnC is one of the key directions for improving the public charging experience and an important component of charging infrastructure intelligence.
Knowledge Point 4: The Megawatt Charging System (MCS)
MCS (Megawatt Charging System) is the next-generation high-power DC charging standard designed for commercial vehicles such as electric heavy-duty trucks and electric buses, with output power reaching up to 3.75 MW (3,750 kW) - far exceeding the approximately 900 kW maximum of current passenger vehicle fast chargers. With the rapid development of electric commercial vehicles, existing charging standards can no longer meet the fast recharging demands of large commercial vehicle battery packs (typically 300–600 kWh or more). The MCS standard features an entirely new physical connector design, supporting higher current and voltage while incorporating a liquid cooling system to ensure safety. The introduction of this standard marks the extension of charging technology from passenger vehicles to commercial vehicles and represents a critical infrastructure pillar for achieving full electrification of road freight transport.